In literature, Merlin is considered the first wizard. He was a prophet who fled to Scotland after a battle and is said to have developed magical powers there. Geoffrey of Monmouth wrote about Merlin in The Historia Regum Britanniae. Merlin is considered one of the most famous wizards in popular culture.
Geoffrey of Monmouth, in Historia regum Britanniae (1135–38), adapted a story, told by the Welsh antiquary Nennius (flourished c. 800), of a boy, Ambrosius, who had given advice to the legendary British king Vortigern. In Geoffrey’s account Merlin-Ambrosius figured as adviser to Uther Pendragon (King Arthur’s father) and afterward to Arthur himself.
Geoffrey changed the name of the character from Merdinus to Merlinus, with the former too close to the Anglo-Saxon word merde – slang for excrement. In The History of the Kings of Britain, Merlin assists Uther Pendragon (Arthur’s father) and is responsible for transporting the stones of Stonehenge from Ireland, but he is not directly associated with Arthur. In addition to the History of the Kings of Britain, Geoffrey of Monmouth also authored a work specifically on Merlin entitled “The Prophecies of Merlin”, which later became the seventh book in the History of the Kings of Britain. These led to a tradition that is manifested in other medieval works, in eighteenth-century almanac writers who made predictions under such names as Merlinus Anglicus, and in the presentaion of Merlin in later literature.
During the Middle Ages, Merlin became very popular. Not only does he figure prominently in the French Vulgate Cycle, but he shines in the French and English romances. Sir Thomas Mallory is the first to really showcase him as the advisor and guide to King Arthur in his work Le Morte d’Arthur. And ever since the Renaissance, Merlin the magician has remained popular in all Arthurian legends and tales. In The Idylls of the King, Alfred Lord Tennyson makes him the architect of Camelot, and Mark Twain uses him in his works as a villain. Numerous novels, poems and plays center around Merlin, and in American literature and popular culture, Merlin is perhaps the most frequently portrayed Arthurian character.
While not explicitly portrayed as a primary healer in most Arthurian legends, Merlin is sometimes depicted with the ability to heal through his magical powers, particularly in interpretations that draw from the Celtic roots of the myth where his character, "Myrddin," is associated with healing springs and restorative magic; essentially, his healing abilities are considered a secondary aspect of his wider magical powers.
Mythological connection:
In some Celtic tales, the figure of Myrddin (the basis for Merlin) is linked to healing waters and the ability to mend both physical and mental ailments.
Magical healing:
While not always the focus, stories sometimes portray Merlin using his magic to heal wounds, alleviate illnesses, or even restore someone's sanity.
Focus on prophecy and guidance:
In most Arthurian narratives, Merlin's primary role is as a powerful prophet and advisor to King Arthur, with healing powers taking a less prominent role.
In medieval literature Merlin Ambrosius is the most powerful magician in the Arthurian legend. He did some huge things, like moving the stones of Stonehenge from Ireland to Salisbury Plain, extremely rapid movement here to there, moving an entire army from southern France to Britain practically overnight and in secret, arrange with the Lady of the Lake for Arthur to get Excalibur, change the shape of himself and King Uther and his bodyguard Ulfius to look like Duke Gorlois and his entourage, enchanted Excalibur to stun the enemy army at the Battle of Carlion-on-Usk, and prepares several miracles for the Grail Quest, such as putting Balin’s sword into a stone that floats to Camelot when needed. He is a prophet, discerning the problem of Vortigern’s tower and foretelling the tyrant’s death, and writing gold letters into various walls to foretell events like the future combat of Lancelot and Tristram. Impressive!
Mordred as a young boy keeps calling Merlin "Emrys", which is actually Merlin's name as a Celtic druid and sorcerer. In Welsh, Merlin's full real name is actually Myrddin Wynn Emrys. Myrddin is his first name, Wynn is his family name and Emrys is his druid name.
Merlin has a staff that was given to him by the elven queen, a Nature Spirit. This was before he went to support Ambrosius and Uther Pendragon’s army who had landed in Britain with 10.000 men from Brittany to confront Vortigern.
The Stone of Destiny (or Stone of Scone): In some legends, Merlin is connected to the Stone of Destiny, which is said to roar when the rightful king stands upon it. This stone symbolizes legitimacy and kingship, and Merlin's association with it underscores his role in determining the rightful rulers.
Although the Holy Grail is more closely associated with the quests of Arthur's knights, Merlin's wisdom and foresight often guide the quest for the Grail. It represents spiritual fulfillment and the pursuit of divine knowledge, aligning with Merlin's mystical nature.
Merlin's Staff: In many stories, Merlin is depicted with a staff, which symbolizes his magical powers and authority. This staff is a personal item that embodies his identity as a wizard and his connection to the magical realm.
Perhaps the most significant object associated with Merlin, aside from the Round Table, might be the Holy Grail.
Merlin the magician's era was the 12th century and beyond:
· 1136: Geoffrey of Monmouth first depicted Merlin in his book Historia Regum Britanniae.
· 12th century: Merlin became a central character in the works of Welsh author Geoffrey of Monmouth, including Prophecies of Merlin, Life of Merlin, and The History of the Kings of Britain.
· 1215–1235: Merlin was featured in the Vulgate Cycle.
· 1240–1250: Merlin was featured in the Post-Vulgate Cycle.
· 19th century: The concept of Merlin as a fertility god or spirit was revived in romantic literature.
Merlin has remained a popular character in Arthurian legend and other works of fiction, film, and media. He is often depicted as a powerful sorcerer, seer, and shapeshifter who advised kings, most notably King Arthur.
Merlin’s origins are discussed in Robert De Boron’s Prose Merlin. In it, he is said to be conceived by an Incubus working for some higher council of demons. The demons bestowed Merlin with the gift of knowing everything that would happen in the future. Their goal in creating and empowering Merlin was to own an omnipotent human asset that they could exploit to thwart the plans of God. God and his forces intervened and bestowed Merlin with the gift of knowing everything that happened in the past. Knowing the nature of his creation even before he was born, Merlin decided that he would not be used as a pawn for evil and chose to work in close proximity to God instead.
Merlin was born with hair all over his body and the ability to speak perfect English. He spoke so eloquently that he made his mother faint, dropping him on the stone floor. Not only did he survive, but in fact he suffered no injury at all (perhaps because he was able to predict his fall, and moved in a way that prevented injury). Naturally the midwives saw this and declared that Merlin was the work of Satan. They took Merlin and his mother to court that day, and Merlin single-handedly acquitted his mother of witchcraft by demonstrating his God-given abilities in proving that the judge’s mother had an affair and that the judge was illegitimate. To follow this feat up, he predicted a man’s suicide the next day down to exactly how he would fall in the moment.
He could battle gods single-handedly, instantaneously teleport anywhere in the world, or summon mythological creatures to do his bidding. He also possessed astral projection, telekinesis, reality manipulation, and the ability to bring anyone back to life. Often, he could use his magic by speaking backwards.
Merlin developed many powers and abilities during this time, including shape-shifting, the ability to appear and disappear without notice, the ability to control climate, summon darkness, mists, storms, fire, and smoke to aid Arthur, and cast sleep spells (Goodrich 12).
Merlin is one of the most important mythical figures in the western world. He represents the epitome of those who have harmonized, within themselves, the earth's energies and the forces within their own souls, thus achieving inner freedom and a higher mode of consciousness.
While some modern authors write about Merlin positively through an explicitly Christian world-view, some New Age movements instead see Merlin as a druid who accesses all the mysteries of the world.
Merlin himself is usually only ever shown doing two things: Prophesy and Shapeshifting. He creates mystical items here and there, but usually, he is strictly limited to the two above.
Merlin represents the magician, wizard, sage and wise one archetype, and features in both Arthurian legend and medieval Welsh poetry. His specialty is divine alchemy: the transformation of heavy physical matter energies into higher-vibration energies.
According to legend, Merlin was born to a human mother and a demon father. He gained his magical powers from the demon. Some stories said that Merlin was evil while others said that he was good, despite his demonic background. Merlin was known as a prophet.
Merlin developed many powers and abilities during this time, including shape-shifting, the ability to appear and disappear without notice, the ability to control climate, summon darkness, mists, storms, fire, and smoke to aid Arthur, and cast sleep spells (Goodrich 12).
The Merlin Circle is a mystical circular sigil that is the source of the heroic Merlineans' supernatural powers and even named after the legendary good wizard Merlin. It is primarily featured in the 2010 Disney fantasy movie The Sorcerer's Apprentice.
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